403 Error Troubleshooting Guide

This guide covers the most common causes of 403 Forbidden errors on a website and how to resolve them.

1. Coraza WAF​

One of the most common causes is the Coraza WAF blocking access according to ModSecurity CoreRuleSet rules.

1. Navigate to Advanced > WAF in your hosting control panel.

2. Check if WAF is enabled for the domain. Temporarily disable it, then test the website to confirm if WAF is the cause.

3. If WAF is the issue:

   • Not recommended: Leave WAF disabled for the domain.
   • Better option: Identify the exact rule being triggered and disable only that rule.

4. To find the rule:

   • Click View Logs to open ModSecurity logs.
   • Search for your 403 request by IP, time, or request details.
   • Note the Rule ID.

5. Go to Manage Rules for the domain in the WAF section:

   • Disable by Rule ID: SecRuleRemoveByID
   • Disable by Tag: SecRuleRemoveByTag

   

6. Re-enable WAF and retest the website.

2. WordPress​

Content management systems like WordPress use .htaccess files that may block access.

1. Temporarily rename or remove the .htaccess file in your website’s root directory.

2. Create a simple test file (e.g., index.php) and open it in the browser.

3. If it loads, the issue is CMS-related.

4. Possible fixes:

   • Disable WordPress plugins temporarily.
   • Restore the default .htaccess file.
   • Seek help on your CMS forums or OpenPanel Community.

3. File Permissions​

Incorrect file ownership or permissions can also trigger 403 errors.

1. Open File Manager and navigate to the domain’s directory.

2. Click Options and enable Owner and Group columns.

3. Ensure all files have the same owner and group.

4. Check file and folder permissions.

5. If ownership is incorrect, use Files > Fix Permissions to restore defaults.

4. Nginx or Apache Restrictions​

By default, Nginx and Apache block access to sensitive files:

.git
composer.json
composer.lock
auth.json
config.php
wp-config.php
vendor

If you are sure you want these files accessible (not recommended), edit the domain’s VHost configuration.

For OpenResty / Nginx:​

# <!-- BEGIN EXPOSED RESOURCES PROTECTION -->
location ~* ^/(\.git|composer\.(json|lock)|auth\.json|config\.php|wp-config\.php|vendor) {
    deny all;
    return 403;
}
# <!-- END EXPOSED RESOURCES PROTECTION -->

For Apache:​

# <!-- BEGIN EXPOSED RESOURCES PROTECTION -->
<Directory <DOCUMENT_ROOT>>
    <FilesMatch "\.(git|composer\.(json|lock)|auth\.json|config\.php|wp-config\.php|vendor)">
        Require all denied
    </FilesMatch>
</Directory>
# <!-- END EXPOSED RESOURCES PROTECTION -->